Surface Tension 3/28: Videos: Links: http://encyclopedia.kids.net.au/page/su/Surface_tension Question: What will corn syrup and baking soda do to the surface tension of the water? Hypothesis: The corn syrup will strengthen surface tension, but the baking soda will not affect the surface tension. IV: Substance being tested in the water
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 1
Trial 2
Corn Syrup
Corn Syrup
Baking Soda
Baking Soda
Surface Tension Not broken
Surface tension not broken
Slightly broke surface tension
Slightly broke surface tension
DV: The state of the surface tension Constant: The amount of substance going into the water, the size and shape of the boat, the amount of water in the pan Conclusion: The corn syrup had absolutely no effect on the surface tension of the water or the motion of the boat in the pan. But, the baking soda had a slight effect on the motion of the boat and the surface tension of the water.
In conclusion, since corn syrup contains glucose and there's hydrogen in glucose the hydrogen bonds will be strengthened because it will be bonding with other hydrogen atoms. The baking soda broke surface tension slightly and it broke the uneven force on the boat causing it to go forward.
Surface Tension & Balance Forces Lab 3/25: Question: Will salt break the surface tension like the soap? Conclusion: The salt had no effect on the boat. The salt did not break apart the hydrogen bond like the soap did and as a result the water still had surface tension. Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNEZwTCixPU Amanda's Powerpoint Project 2/28:
Matt: OK, I see what you are getting at. Pasta is full of carbon which is the 2nd most common element in the human body! Also, carbon can be found in many forms. Did you know it is in diamonds!?
Andrew: Did you say diamonds!?
Matt: I sure did! But did you know meat balls contain iron which is very important for the human body because it helps transport oxygen through your body.
Andrew: No way!
Matt: Yup. See this glass of milk? It contains potassium and calcium which helps the body build strong bones and keep the bodies fluids in balance.
Andrew: It sure is a good thing I drink a ton of milk!
Matt: Yup. Do you see these black pepper corns I have on the side of the dish? They contain vanadium which helps control my blood sugar.
Andrew: That is so cool, Matt!
Matt: What are you eating?
Andrew: Oh, well see, I have here a flounder which contains small amounts of iodine which is important to the body. I am also drinking water here which contains hydrogen, another important element for the body.
Matt: That is wicked!
Andrew: And on top of all this, we are currently breathing in oxygen!
Matt: NO. WAY!
Andrew: Oxygen is the most abundant element in your body and it helps release energy stored in food.
Matt: Wow, Andrew, the elements are so cool.
Andrew: Yeah I know.
Matt: Well, did you know about our major, lesser, and trace elements?
Andrew: What? There’s more?
Matt: Yuppers!
Andrew: BY GOLLY GOSH!
Matt: Major elements count for 99% of our body mass, lesser elements help maintain cell processes and help build body tissue, and trace elements are important for body functions, though you don’t need many.
Andrew: That is out of this world!
Matt: Do you know of any of the trace elements?
Andrew: I sure do! They include Vanadium (Va-nah-dee-um) Boron, Chromium, Cobalt, and silicone!
Matt: But unfortunately there are harmful elements too.
Andrew: That makes me sad L
Matt: Lead is very harmful if you have too much because it can lead to organ damage.
Andrew: Well what about mercury?
Matt: Even though it is in thermometers we cannot consumer it.
Andrew: Aw fluddernutter
Matt: It can damage your brain and nerve system. But, to make you make you happier, did you know nitrogen helps make amino acids, which helps our body greatly.
Andrew: Wow, today has been full of elemental learning! I cant wait to learn more tomorrow!
Matt: Yup, me too!
Friend/Foe Elements: Notes
There are 25 essential elements
They are organized into major, lesser, and trace elements
An element is classified by its percentage by mass in the body
Six major elements:
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Calcium
^^ These account for almost 99% of your body mass
Almost every compound in your body contains oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon
The lesser elements:
Iron
potassium
zinc
sodium
sulfur
chlorine
magnesium
^^ These have recommended amounts you should take in daily
Trace elements:
vanadium
chromium
molybdenum
manganese
cobalt
copper
boron
tin
silicon
selenium
fluorine
iodine
^^ These perform important functions
Oxygen: it helps release the energy stored in foods
Hydrogen: found in foods/water; chemical reactions in cells take place in water
Iodine: helps production of thyroxine by the thyroid gland; fresh fish is a good source
Vanadium: help control blood sugar levels; formation of bones and teeth; black peppercorns
Carbon: essential to life; carbohydrates/proteins/fats contain carbon
Iron: part of hemoglobin; transports oxygen through the blood to every cell in the body; meat/fish/leafy green veggies/spinach
Potassium: keeps body's fluids in balance; stimulates the kidneys to remove body wastes; dairy products
Lead: too much of it can lead to organ damage and learning difficulties; lead based paint was banned in 1978 for those reasons
Mercury: helpful in industrail processes; toxic; can damage brain and nervous system; handled with great care b/c its dangerous
Arsenic: poison; used to be used to protect crops from insects or to preserve wood
Selenium: maintain healthy immune system; brazil nuts; fruits/vegetables; too much can cause nerve damage
Sodium: hard to avoid sodium; maintain water balance and nerve function; too much can cause high blood pressure
Zinc: found in almost every cell; support a healthy immune system; beef; too much can cause anemia
This information is improtant because everything is made of elements and the information tells us what elements are in our body and what they acomplish. Also, it tells us elements that are harmful to our body.
Matt and Andrew's Electron Cloud Lab:
No, we could not predict where the pencil would strike.
We are unable to predict the area in which the pencil will strike the target.
Ring 5.
One electron can make the electron cloud.
Jen and Amanda's Electron Cloud Lab: 1. No, when we dropped it we didn't know exactly where it would land. 2. No, we could not completely predict where the pencil would leave a mark. 3. Area 3 had the highest probability of being hit by the pencil. 4. 100 electrons could make all the "dots" that form the electron cloud. Andrew and Matt's Atomic Comic:
1/31: We used the indirect observation to find that the object was an octagon. We infered that the object was an hexagon. A picture of our manipulations: Movie Notes
The four most important things we learned from the movie are: Protons are positively charged particles are found in the nucleus. Neutrons have no charge, they're negative. Electrons are negatively charged, and their approximate area is the electron cloud. We also learned the five theories: Dalton, Thompson, Rutherford, Bohr, and the modern theory. Electrons have no definite pattern or path.
Experimental DesignQuestion- How does the density of water compare to the density of other liquids or solids?Hypothesis- Liquids and solids that are more dense than water will sink and liquids and solids that are less dense will float.Independent Variable- The type of liquid or solid.(Water, Cooking Oil, Ethanol, Pen Cap, Screw)Dependent Variable- Density(g/cm3)Constants: The amount of water used, temperature, and the same procedure.
Variable
Water
Cooking Oil
Ethanol
Pen Cap
Screw
Mass
50.5 g
40.4 g
26.3 g
1.25 g
10.5 g
Volume
50 mL
30 mL
30 mL
1 mL
9 mL
Clay Lab
Cylinder- 70 mL Clay: Mass- 25.7 g Volume- 8 mjL
Density of the Clay: 3.21 g/cm
Question: What makes the clay boat float? Hypothesis: The buoyant force causes the clay boat to float.
Boats float due to the hollowed-out bottoms. Hollowing out the bottoms increases the volume but decreases the density. Thus, the boat is less dense than water! A block of steel has less volume, so its density is greater than water and it sinks.
Why does diet coke float and regular coke sink?
The sugar in the regular coke increases the density and the diet coke only contains small amounts of aspartame. Because of this, there is not as much extra mass in the diet coke. Therefore, it floats, while regular coke is sweetened by a lot more of sugar so it is more dense. Regular Coke: 1.11 grams/cubic centimeter Diet Coke: 1.00 grams/cubic centimeter
Explain how density can show if a crown is made of gold.
Density can show if the crown is made of gold because gold is a very dense material. You can compare the density of the crown to the density of known gold. If the crown has the same density it is made of gold. If it has a lower density it is not made of gold.
An endothermic change occured because we added heat to the water. The water stopped changing temperatures at its boiling point. The water boils at 100 degrees celsius
Question: What is the effect of fanning on temperature?
Hypthosesis: As the time of the fanning increases, the temperature decreases.
Independent Variable: Time of fanning (sec.)
10 seconds
20 seconds
30seconds
40seconds
50 seconds
2 trials
2 trials
2 trials
2 trials
2 trials
Dependent Variable: Temperature (Degrees Celsius)
Constants: The speed of the fan, the the size of the fan, the starting temperature, the enviornment
Procedure:
1. Attach the temperature sensor and open the Data Studio program.
2. Find the starting temperature.
4. Fan the sensor for 10 seconds and record the temperature.
5. Leave alone for 15 seconds.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 with 20, 30, 40, and 50 seconds.
7. Repeat steps 4 to 6 again, in order to complete 2 trials.
Diagram:
Boiling Water Lab:
Question: Does the volume of water affect the amount of time it takes for the water to boil?
Hypothesis: Yes because the more volume, the more thermal energy it has to boil the water.
Independent Variable: Volume of Water (mL)
50 mL
100mL
150mL
2 trials
2 trials
2 trials
Dependent Variable: Time it takes to boil (min.) Constants: Starting temperature of water, same water source, same heat source Diagram: Procedure:
1. Measure 50 mL of water using a graduated cylinder and the water from the large classroom beaker. 2. Set the station up exactly like the diagram on the right, by putting the beaker of water on the stand above the alcohol burner. 3. Connect the temperature sensor to the laptop and open the DataStudio program. 4. Light the alcohol burner and begin recording time.
Data Table: Boiling Time of Water
Volume(mL)
Trial 1
Trial 2
Average
50
7
7
7.0
100
15
12
13.5
150
16
23
19.5
Volume and Temperature Lab
. Hot plate, Beaker of water to be heated 2. Laptop, beaker of cold water, beaker of hot water, temperature sensor 3. Styrofoam cup of cold water, Styrofoam cup of hot water, temperature sensor
Energy Transfer Cartoon:
CLICK BELOW!
CAR POTENTIAL/KINETIC ENERGY LAB:
Question: Where does kinetic energy come from when you roll down a hill?
Hypothesis: It comes from the gravitational potential energy you have at the top of the hill.
Data Table:
Height of ramp(m)
Length of ramp
Mass of cart
Weight of cart
Time
1
of
2
Trial
3
Average time(s)
7 cm
.9 m
.295 kg
2.95 N
1.97s
1.81 s
2.15 s
1.97
Calculations:
Average Speed
Final Speed
Kinetic Energy at Bottom
Gravitational Potential
Energy at top
.4569
.9138
.123
.2065
Conclusion Questions:(from papers) 14. They aren't the same but some energy is lost to sound and friction. part 2: This supports our hypothesis because energy is never created nor destroyed. 15.This occured because some energy is lost to friction and sound energy. 16. The final speed at the bottom of the small hill will be less than the one of the large hill because there is more gravitational potential energy at the top of the large hill.
Marking Period 3
Surface Tension 3/28:Videos:
Links: http://encyclopedia.kids.net.au/page/su/Surface_tension
Question: What will corn syrup and baking soda do to the surface tension of the water?
Hypothesis: The corn syrup will strengthen surface tension, but the baking soda will not affect the surface tension.
IV: Substance being tested in the water
Constant: The amount of substance going into the water, the size and shape of the boat, the amount of water in the pan
Conclusion: The corn syrup had absolutely no effect on the surface tension of the water or the motion of the boat in the pan. But, the baking soda had a slight effect on the motion of the boat and the surface tension of the water.
In conclusion, since corn syrup contains glucose and there's hydrogen in glucose the hydrogen bonds will be strengthened because it will be bonding with other hydrogen atoms. The baking soda broke surface tension slightly and it broke the uneven force on the boat causing it to go forward.
Surface Tension & Balance Forces Lab 3/25:
Question: Will salt break the surface tension like the soap?
Conclusion: The salt had no effect on the boat. The salt did not break apart the hydrogen bond like the soap did and as a result the water still had surface tension.
Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNEZwTCixPU
Amanda's Powerpoint Project 2/28:
Jen's Advertisement Project 2/25:
Gamma Rays:
Alpha Particles:
Beta Particles:
Jen and Amanda's project 2/22:
http://jenandamandascience.edu.glogster.com/false/
Matt and Andrew's project 2/22:
Listen to our skit about elements in the body!
Andrew: Hey matt, what are you eating?
Matt: I am devouring spaghetti and meat balls.
Andrew: Cool! Why are you eating that?
Matt: Because it is full of deliciousy goodness!
Andrew: No really, why?!
Matt: OK, I see what you are getting at. Pasta is full of carbon which is the 2nd most common element in the human body! Also, carbon can be found in many forms. Did you know it is in diamonds!?
Andrew: Did you say diamonds!?
Matt: I sure did! But did you know meat balls contain iron which is very important for the human body because it helps transport oxygen through your body.
Andrew: No way!
Matt: Yup. See this glass of milk? It contains potassium and calcium which helps the body build strong bones and keep the bodies fluids in balance.
Andrew: It sure is a good thing I drink a ton of milk!
Matt: Yup. Do you see these black pepper corns I have on the side of the dish? They contain vanadium which helps control my blood sugar.
Andrew: That is so cool, Matt!
Matt: What are you eating?
Andrew: Oh, well see, I have here a flounder which contains small amounts of iodine which is important to the body. I am also drinking water here which contains hydrogen, another important element for the body.
Matt: That is wicked!
Andrew: And on top of all this, we are currently breathing in oxygen!
Matt: NO. WAY!
Andrew: Oxygen is the most abundant element in your body and it helps release energy stored in food.
Matt: Wow, Andrew, the elements are so cool.
Andrew: Yeah I know.
Matt: Well, did you know about our major, lesser, and trace elements?
Andrew: What? There’s more?
Matt: Yuppers!
Andrew: BY GOLLY GOSH!
Matt: Major elements count for 99% of our body mass, lesser elements help maintain cell
processes and help build body tissue, and trace elements are important for body functions, though you don’t need many.
Andrew: That is out of this world!
Matt: Do you know of any of the trace elements?
Andrew: I sure do! They include Vanadium (Va-nah-dee-um) Boron, Chromium, Cobalt, and silicone!
Matt: But unfortunately there are harmful elements too.
Andrew: That makes me sad L
Matt: Lead is very harmful if you have too much because it can lead to organ damage.
Andrew: Well what about mercury?
Matt: Even though it is in thermometers we cannot consumer it.
Andrew: Aw fluddernutter
Matt: It can damage your brain and nerve system. But, to make you make you happier, did you know nitrogen helps make amino acids, which helps our body greatly.
Andrew: Wow, today has been full of elemental learning! I cant wait to learn more tomorrow!
Matt: Yup, me too!
Friend/Foe Elements:
Notes
- There are 25 essential elements
- They are organized into major, lesser, and trace elements
- An element is classified by its percentage by mass in the body
- Six major elements:
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Carbon
- Nitrogen
- Phosphorus
- Calcium
- ^^ These account for almost 99% of your body mass
- Almost every compound in your body contains oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon
- The lesser elements:
- Iron
- potassium
- zinc
- sodium
- sulfur
- chlorine
- magnesium
^^ These have recommended amounts you should take in daily- Trace elements:
- vanadium
- chromium
- molybdenum
- manganese
- cobalt
- copper
- boron
- tin
- silicon
- selenium
- fluorine
- iodine
^^ These perform important functions- Oxygen: it helps release the energy stored in foods
- Hydrogen: found in foods/water; chemical reactions in cells take place in water
- Iodine: helps production of thyroxine by the thyroid gland; fresh fish is a good source
- Vanadium: help control blood sugar levels; formation of bones and teeth; black peppercorns
- Carbon: essential to life; carbohydrates/proteins/fats contain carbon
- Iron: part of hemoglobin; transports oxygen through the blood to every cell in the body; meat/fish/leafy green veggies/spinach
- Potassium: keeps body's fluids in balance; stimulates the kidneys to remove body wastes; dairy products
- Lead: too much of it can lead to organ damage and learning difficulties; lead based paint was banned in 1978 for those reasons
- Mercury: helpful in industrail processes; toxic; can damage brain and nervous system; handled with great care b/c its dangerous
- Arsenic: poison; used to be used to protect crops from insects or to preserve wood
- Selenium: maintain healthy immune system; brazil nuts; fruits/vegetables; too much can cause nerve damage
- Sodium: hard to avoid sodium; maintain water balance and nerve function; too much can cause high blood pressure
- Zinc: found in almost every cell; support a healthy immune system; beef; too much can cause anemia
This information is improtant because everything is made of elements and the information tells us what elements are in our body and what they acomplish. Also, it tells us elements that are harmful to our body.Matt and Andrew's Electron Cloud Lab:
Jen and Amanda's Electron Cloud Lab:
1. No, when we dropped it we didn't know exactly where it would land.
2. No, we could not completely predict where the pencil would leave a mark.
3. Area 3 had the highest probability of being hit by the pencil.
4. 100 electrons could make all the "dots" that form the electron cloud.
Andrew and Matt's Atomic Comic:
Jen and Amanda's Atom Story:
1/31:
We used the indirect observation to find that the object was an octagon. We infered that the object was an hexagon.
A picture of our manipulations:
Movie Notes
The four most important things we learned from the movie are:
Protons are positively charged particles are found in the nucleus.
Neutrons have no charge, they're negative.
Electrons are negatively charged, and their approximate area is the electron cloud.
We also learned the five theories: Dalton, Thompson, Rutherford, Bohr, and the modern theory.
Electrons have no definite pattern or path.
Experimental DesignQuestion- How does the density of water compare to the density of other liquids or solids?Hypothesis- Liquids and solids that are more dense than water will sink and liquids and solids that are less dense will float.Independent Variable- The type of liquid or solid.(Water, Cooking Oil, Ethanol, Pen Cap, Screw)Dependent Variable- Density(g/cm3)Constants: The amount of water used, temperature, and the same procedure.
Clay Lab
Cylinder- 70 mL
Clay:
Mass- 25.7 g
Volume- 8 mjL
Density of the Clay:
3.21 g/cm
Question: What makes the clay boat float?
Hypothesis: The buoyant force causes the clay boat to float.
Boats float due to the hollowed-out bottoms. Hollowing out the bottoms increases the volume but decreases the density. Thus, the boat is less dense than water! A block of steel has less volume, so its density is greater than water and it sinks.
Why does diet coke float and regular coke sink?
The sugar in the regular coke increases the density and the diet coke only contains small amounts of aspartame. Because of this, there is not as much extra mass in the diet coke. Therefore, it floats, while regular coke is sweetened by a lot more of sugar so it is more dense.Regular Coke: 1.11 grams/cubic centimeter
Diet Coke: 1.00 grams/cubic centimeter
http://www.middleschoolscience.com/dietcoke.htm
Explain how density can show if a crown is made of gold.
Density can show if the crown is made of gold because gold is a very dense material. You can compare the density of the crown to the density of known gold. If the crown has the same density it is made of gold. If it has a lower density it is not made of gold.Archimedes's Story: http://www.crsep.org/PerplexingPairs/Jan.%2022.2003_Archimedes.pdf
Heating a Liquid Lab:
An endothermic change occured because we added heat to the water.
The water stopped changing temperatures at its boiling point.
The water boils at 100 degrees celsius
Hypthosesis: As the time of the fanning increases, the temperature decreases.
Independent Variable: Time of fanning (sec.)
Dependent Variable: Temperature (Degrees Celsius)
Constants: The speed of the fan, the the size of the fan, the starting temperature, the enviornment
Procedure:
1. Attach the temperature sensor and open the Data Studio program.
2. Find the starting temperature.
4. Fan the sensor for 10 seconds and record the temperature.
5. Leave alone for 15 seconds.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 with 20, 30, 40, and 50 seconds.
7. Repeat steps 4 to 6 again, in order to complete 2 trials.
Diagram:
Boiling Water Lab:
Question: Does the volume of water affect the amount of time it takes for the water to boil?
Hypothesis: Yes because the more volume, the more thermal energy it has to boil the water.
Independent Variable: Volume of Water (mL)
Constants: Starting temperature of water, same water source, same heat source
Diagram:
Procedure:
1. Measure 50 mL of water using a graduated cylinder and the water from the large classroom beaker.
2. Set the station up exactly like the diagram on the right, by putting the beaker of water on the stand above the alcohol burner.
3. Connect the temperature sensor to the laptop and open the DataStudio program.
4. Light the alcohol burner and begin recording time.
Data Table:
Boiling Time of Water
Volume and Temperature Lab
. Hot plate, Beaker of water to be heated
2. Laptop, beaker of cold water, beaker of hot water, temperature sensor
3. Styrofoam cup of cold water, Styrofoam cup of hot water, temperature sensor
Energy Transfer Cartoon:
CLICK BELOW!
CAR POTENTIAL/KINETIC ENERGY LAB:
Question: Where does kinetic energy come from when you roll down a hill?
Hypothesis: It comes from the gravitational potential energy you have at the top of the hill.
Data Table:
1
2
3
Calculations:
Energy at top
Conclusion Questions:(from papers)
14. They aren't the same but some energy is lost to sound and friction.
part 2: This supports our hypothesis because energy is never created nor destroyed.
15.This occured because some energy is lost to friction and sound energy.
16. The final speed at the bottom of the small hill will be less than the one of the large hill because there is more gravitational potential energy at the top of the large hill.